白皮书：中国的核安全（8）

中国的核安全（8）

Nuclear Safety in China

提升核与辐射事故应急能力。成立国家核事故应急协调委员会，建立国家、省和核设施营运单位三级核应急组织管理体系，组织协调核事故和辐射事故应对。建立健全辐射事故应急管理体系和事故响应与处置机制，建设覆盖全国的应急监测调度平台，督导各省、自治区、直辖市全覆盖开展辐射事故应急实战演练，快速响应、妥善处置各类辐射事故。组建300人的国家核应急救援队和25支专业救援分队，设立8类国家级核应急专业技术支持中心，建立3个核电企业核事故快速支援基地，建有核辐射损伤救治基地17家，定期开展核应急联合演习，提升核事故应急准备和响应能力。

Improved nuclear and radiation emergency response. China has set up the National Nuclear Accident Emergency Coordination Committee, and formed a three-tier emergency response system at state and provincial level and also at nuclear facility operating organizations, to organize emergency response to nuclear and radiation accidents. The state has established an emergency management system and a response and action mechanism for radiation accidents, and an emergency monitoring and dispatch platform that covers the whole country. All provinces and equivalent administrative units have carried out radiation response drills to enhance their capacity in rapid response and proper action to different types of radiation accidents. China has a 300-member national nuclear emergency rescue team and 25 professional rescue units, 8 types of national nuclear emergency technical support centers, 3 fast support bases for nuclear accidents at nuclear power plants, and 17 medical centers for treating nuclear radiation injuries. Regular joint nuclear emergency drills are carried out to improve preparedness and response.

不断推进队伍建设。着眼于核事业发展和核安全监管需要，把队伍建设作为百年大计和基础工程，大力培养政治强、本领高、作风硬、敢担当，特别能吃苦、特别能战斗、特别能奉献的核安全“铁军”，逐步形成总部机关百人、中央本级千人、全国近万人的核与辐射安全监管队伍。推进核安全领军人才队伍建设，成立由25位中国科学院和中国工程院院士、100余位行业内权威专家组成的国家核安全专家委员会。加强专业人才队伍建设，推行核安全专业人才资质管理制度，加强核设施操纵人员、核安全设备焊接人员和无损检验人员等特种工艺人员资质管理，对核安全关键岗位实施注册核安全工程师制度。建立健全高等院校、科研机构与企业互联互通的人才教育培训机制，积极拓宽人才培训渠道，加大核安全从业人才培养力度，不断提高核安全专业人才技术能力和安全素养。截至2019年6月，全国开办核工程类专业的大学共72家，其中专门设立核学院的有47家，每年招收核工程类专业本科人数约3000人。

Stronger professional teams. To meet the requirements of the development of the nuclear sector and nuclear safety regulation, China has given top priority to strengthening the professional teams, to develop an “iron army” with strong political convictions, professional capacity, impeccable conduct and a strong sense of responsibility. They will work under pressure, persevere, and dedicate themselves to the cause of nuclear safety. A nuclear and radiation safety regulation team has been formed, consisting of 100 persons at the headquarters,1,000 persons at the central level, and nearly 10,000 persons nationwide. To cultivate leading figures in nuclear safety, the state has set up a national nuclear safety expert commission composed of 25 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and more than 100 leading experts on nuclear safety. To develop the professional teams, China has enforced qualification management of nuclear safety professionals, strengthened the qualification management of nuclear facility operators, nuclear safety equipment welders, nondestructive testers, and other special posts, and required registered nuclear safety engineers for critical posts. China has established an education and training mechanism involving institutions of higher learning, research institutes, and enterprises, to expand the channels of professional training, strengthen the cultivation of nuclear safety professionals, and enhance their technical competence and safety awareness. As of June 2019, there were 72 universities in China running programs on nuclear engineering, of which 47 had separate schools on nuclear science, enrolling some 3,000 undergraduates in nuclear engineering each year.

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